Imunização da gestante em tempos de pandemia da COVID-19 / Inmunización de mujeres embarazadas en tiempos de pandemia de COVID-19 / Immunization of pregnant women in times of the COVID-19 pandemic

Objetivo: analisar e comparar a imunização de gestantes no período da pandemia da COVID-19 no Oeste do Paraná. Método: pesquisa analítica e transversal, realizada na nona e décima regionais de saúde do Paraná. Participaram 823 puérperas, a coleta de dados foi conduzida por inquérito e informações do prontuário entre setembro a dezembro de 2021. Utilizaram-se análise descritiva e teste de qui-quadrado com nível significância de 5%. Resultados: a nona regional apresentou melhor desempenho na imunização contra Hepatite-B, Influenza, Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche em comparação à décima regional. A vacinação contra COVID-19 teve baixa adesão em ambas as regionais, cujos motivos foram: medo, opção própria, orientação médica e desejo de esperar o filho nascer. Conclusão: são necessárias novas estratégias e campanhas de sensibilização para aumentar o índice vacinal entre gestantes, sobretudo para a vacina contra COVID-19, considerando as complicações para a saúde materno-infantil.

Objective: analyze and compare the immunization of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in western Paraná. Method: this is an analytical, cross-sectional study carried out in the ninth and tenth regional health departments of Paraná. A total of 823 puerperal women took part, and data was collected using a survey and information from medical records between September and December 2021. Descriptive analysis and the chi-square test were used, with a significance level of 5%. Results: the ninth region performed better in immunization against Hepatitis-B, Influenza, Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis compared to the tenth region. Vaccination against COVID-19 had low uptake in both regions, the reasons for which were: fear, own choice, medical advice and the wish to wait for the child to be born. Conclusion: new strategies and awareness campaigns are needed to increase the vaccination rate among pregnant women, especially for the COVID-19 vaccine, considering the complications for maternal and child health.

Objetivo: analizar y comparar la inmunización de mujeres embarazadas durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en el Oeste de Paraná. Método: investigación analítica y transversal, realizada en la novena y décima región sanitaria de Paraná. Participaron 823 puérperas. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante encuesta e información de historias clínicas entre septiembre y diciembre de 2021. Se utilizó análisis descriptivo y prueba de chi cuadrado con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: la novena región presentó mejor desempeño en inmunización contra Hepatitis B, Influenza, Difteria, Tétanos y Tos Ferina en comparación con la décima región. La vacunación contra la COVID-19 tuvo baja adherencia en ambas regiones y los motivos fueron: miedo, elección personal, consejo médico y deseo de esperar a que nazca el niño. Conclusión: son necesarias nuevas estrategias y campañas de sensibilización para aumentar la tasa de vacunación entre las mujeres embarazadas, especialmente de la vacuna contra la COVID-19, considerando las complicaciones para la salud materna e infantil.

Educational intervention about airway obstructions for early childhood teachers: a quasi-experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of an educational intervention about airway obstructions and an airway clearing technique in teachers from Municipal Child Education Centers in a municipality in western Paraná. METHOD: A quasi-experimental pre- and post-test study. Data was collectedusing a questionnaire with thirty questions to assess knowledge about the subject. For the analyses, the chi-square and McNemar tests were used, withanα = 5% of significance. RESULTS: After the training sessions, there was a 16.22% increase in the number of correct answers to the questions dealing with the recognition of the obstruction (<0.0001) and the airway clearance technique (<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The intervention improved the knowledge of early childhood teachers in the municipality regarding the identification of airway obstruction and techniquesairway clearing in school-age children.

Outcomes of Urinary Tract Endometriosis-Laparoscopic Treatment: A 10-Year Retrospective Study.

INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract endometriosis (UTE), a rare manifestation, encompasses bladder and ureteral involvement. Surgical intervention is commonly recommended for UTE, though the optimal surgical approach remains a subject of debate. This study aims to report our centre's experience with UTE. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 55 patients who underwent surgical treatment for UTE at a single tertiary centre over a 10-year period (2012-2022). Patient data, including demographics, symptoms, intraoperative findings, and complications, were collected from medical records. Data were statistically analysed, and correlations were explored. RESULTS: The study population had a mean age of 37.11 years, with dysmenorrhea (89.1%) being the most common symptom. Bladder endometriosis was present in 27 cases, ureteral endometriosis in 25, and mixed-location in 3. Laparoscopy was the primary surgical approach, with multidisciplinary teams involving urologists. There were six patients with postoperative complications, and there were six (10.9%) recurrences of endometriosis. A positive correlation was found between age and recurrence, but no significant predictors of recurrence were identified in our analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic treatment of urinary endometriosis is safe and effective. Multidisciplinary collaboration plays a pivotal role in addressing this challenging condition.

MRI of endometriosis in correlation with the #Enzian classification: applicability and structured report.

Endometriosis represents one of the most common causes of life-impacting chronic pelvic pain and female infertility. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an increasing role in the diagnosis and mapping of endometriosis, while diagnostic laparoscopy currently tends to be reserved for the patients with negative imaging results. The #Enzian, published in 2021, proposes a new comprehensive classification system of endometriosis, combining a complete staging of deep infiltrative endometriosis with the evaluation of peritoneal/ovarian/tubal localizations and the presence of adenomyosis. This article addresses in detail the applicability of the #Enzian classification, primarily based on surgical findings, to the MRI evaluation of the endometriosis. Overall, there is a significant matching between MRI features and the #Enzian classification criteria, two different perspectives of endometriosis mapping, with different goals and levels of detail. The main discrepancy lies in the evaluation of tubo-ovarian condition, which is not fully assessable by MRI. Furthermore, as endometriosis is a complex disease, usually multifocal, that can present with a myriad of imaging findings, MRI reporting should be clear and well organized. The authors group, both radiologists and gynecologists, propose a structured MRI report of endometriosis in correlation with the #Enzian classification, merging the detailed anatomical and pre-operative information provided by the MRI with the benefits of a comprehensive classification system of endometriosis in the clinical practice and research field.Critical relevance statement This article addresses in detail the applicability of the #Enzian classification, primarily based on surgical findings, to the MRI evaluation of the endometriosis and proposes a #Enzian-based structured MRI report.

2023 UPDATE: Luso-Brazilian evidence-based guideline for the management of antidiabetic therapy in type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND: The management of antidiabetic therapy in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has evolved beyond glycemic control. In this context, Brazil and Portugal defined a joint panel of four leading diabetes societies to update the guideline published in 2020. METHODS: The panelists searched MEDLINE (via PubMed) for the best evidence from clinical studies on treating T2D and its cardiorenal complications. The panel searched for evidence on antidiabetic therapy in people with T2D without cardiorenal disease and in patients with T2D and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), heart failure (HF), or diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The degree of recommendation and the level of evidence were determined using predefined criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: All people with T2D need to have their cardiovascular (CV) risk status stratified and HbA1c, BMI, and eGFR assessed before defining therapy. An HbA1c target of less than 7% is adequate for most adults, and a more flexible target (up to 8%) should be considered in frail older people. Non-pharmacological approaches are recommended during all phases of treatment. In treatment naïve T2D individuals without cardiorenal complications, metformin is the agent of choice when HbA1c is 7.5% or below. When HbA1c is above 7.5% to 9%, starting with dual therapy is recommended, and triple therapy may be considered. When HbA1c is above 9%, starting with dual therapyt is recommended, and triple therapy should be considered. Antidiabetic drugs with proven CV benefit (AD1) are recommended to reduce CV events if the patient is at high or very high CV risk, and antidiabetic agents with proven efficacy in weight reduction should be considered when obesity is present. If HbA1c remains above target, intensification is recommended with triple, quadruple therapy, or even insulin-based therapy. In people with T2D and established ASCVD, AD1 agents (SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1 RA with proven CV benefit) are initially recommended to reduce CV outcomes, and metformin or a second AD1 may be necessary to improve glycemic control if HbA1c is above the target. In T2D with HF, SGLT2 inhibitors are recommended to reduce HF hospitalizations and mortality and to improve HbA1c. In patients with DKD, SGLT2 inhibitors in combination with metformin are recommended when eGFR is above 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. SGLT2 inhibitors can be continued until end-stage kidney disease.

Surgical Outcomes and Complications of Laparoscopic Hysterectomy for Endometriosis: A Multicentric Cohort Study.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the postoperative morbidity of laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) for endometriosis/adenomyosis in terms of operative outcomes and complications. DESIGN: Retrospective multicentric cohort study. SETTING: Eight European minimally invasive referral centers. PATIENTS: Data from 995 patients with pathologically confirmed endometriosis and/or adenomyosis who underwent LH without concomitant urological and/or gastroenterological procedures from January 2010 to December 2020. INTERVENTIONS: Total LH. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Demographic patients' characteristics, surgical outcomes, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were evaluated. We considered major postoperative surgical-related complications, any grade 2 or more events (Clavien-Dindo score) that occurred within 30 days from surgery. Univariate analysis and multivariable models fit with logistic regression were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for major complications. Median age at surgery was 44 years (28-54), and about half of them (505, 50.7%) were on medical treatment (estro-progestins, progestin, or Gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone-analogues) at the time of surgery. In association with LH, posterior adhesiolysis was performed in 387 (38.9%) cases and deep nodule resection in 302 (30.0%). Intraoperative complications occurred in 3% of the patients, and major postoperative complications were registered in 93 (9.3%). The multivariable analysis showed an inverse correlation between the occurrence of Clavien-Dindo >2 complications and age (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.90-0.99), while previous surgery for endometriosis (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.01-2.60) and intraoperative complications (OR 6.49, 95% CI 2.65-16.87) were found as predictors of major events. Medical treatment at the time of surgery has emerged as a protective factor (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.31-0.81). CONCLUSION: LH for endometriosis/adenomyosis is associated with non-negligible morbidity. Knowing the factors associated with higher risks of complications might be used for risk stratification and could help clinicians during preoperative counseling. The administration of estro-progestin or progesterone preoperatively might reduce the risks of postoperative complications following surgery.

POT-3 preferentially binds the terminal DNA-repeat on the telomeric G-overhang.

Eukaryotic chromosomes typically end in 3' telomeric overhangs. The safeguarding of telomeric single-stranded DNA overhangs is carried out by factors related to the protection of telomeres 1 (POT1) protein in humans. Of the three POT1-like proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans, POT-3 was the only member thought to not play a role at telomeres. Here, we provide evidence that POT-3 is a bona fide telomere-binding protein. Using a new loss-of-function mutant, we show that the absence of POT-3 causes telomere lengthening and increased levels of telomeric C-circles. We find that POT-3 directly binds the telomeric G-strand in vitro and map its minimal DNA binding site to the six-nucleotide motif, GCTTAG. We further show that the closely related POT-2 protein binds the same motif, but that POT-3 shows higher sequence selectivity. Crucially, in contrast to POT-2, POT-3 prefers binding sites immediately adjacent to the 3' end of DNA. These differences are significant as genetic analyses reveal that pot-2 and pot-3 do not function redundantly with each other in vivo. Our work highlights the rapid evolution and specialisation of telomere binding proteins and places POT-3 in a unique position to influence activities that control telomere length.

Educational intervention about airway obstructions for early childhood teachers: a quasi-experimental study / Intervención educativa sobre la obstrucción de las vías respiratorias para profesores de educación de la primera infancia: estudio casi experimental / Intervenção educativa sobre obstrução das vias respiratórias para professores de educação infantil: estudo quase-experimental

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the effect of an educational intervention about airway obstructions and an airway clearing technique in teachers from Municipal Child Education Centers in a municipality in western Paraná. Method: A quasi-experimental pre- and post-test study. Data was collectedusing a questionnaire with thirty questions to assess knowledge about the subject. For the analyses, the chi-square and McNemar tests were used, withanα = 5% of significance. Results: After the training sessions, there was a 16.22% increase in the number of correct answers to the questions dealing with the recognition of the obstruction (<0.0001) and the airway clearance technique (<0.0001). Conclusion: The intervention improved the knowledge of early childhood teachers in the municipality regarding the identification of airway obstruction and techniquesairway clearing in school-age children.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar el efecto de una intervención educativa sobre la obstrucción de las vías aéreas y una técnica de desobstrucción en docentes de Centros Municipales de Educación Infantil de un municipio del oeste de Paraná. Método: Estudio cuasiexperimental del tipo pre y postest. Se recolectó a los datos a través de un cuestionario con treinta preguntas para evaluar el conocimiento sobre el tema. Para los análisis se utilizaron las pruebas chi-cuadrado y McNemar, con α = 5% de significación. Resultados: Después del entrenamiento, hubo un aumento del 16,22% en el número de respuestas correctas a las preguntas relacionadas con el reconocimiento de la obstrucción (<0,0001) y la técnica de desobstrucción de la vía aérea (<0,0001). Conclusión: La intervención mejoró el conocimiento de los docentes de los centros municipales de educación infantil en cuanto a la identificación y técnica de desobstrucción de las vías respiratorias en niños en edad escolar.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar o efeito de uma intervenção educativa sobre a obstrução de vias aéreas e a técnica de desobstrução, em professores de Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil de um município do Oeste do Paraná. Método: Estudo quase-experimental do tipo pré e pós-teste. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário com trinta questões para avaliar o conhecimento sobre a temática. Para as análises utilizou-se os testes de Qui-quadrado e McNemar, com α = 5% de significância. Resultados: Após o treinamento, houve o aumento de 16,22% no número de acertos das questões que tratavam do reconhecimento da obstrução (<0,0001) e da técnica de desobstrução das vias aéreas (<0,0001). Conclusão: A intervenção melhorou o conhecimento dos professores dos Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil, quanto a identificação e a técnica de desobstrução das vias aéreas em crianças de idade escolar.

Repercussões da pandemia de COVID-19 no exame preventivo de câncer de colo uterino: percepção de enfermeiros / Repercusiones de la pandemia de COVID-19 en el tamizaje del cáncer de cuello uterino: percepción de los enfermeros / Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on cervical cancer screening: nurses' perception

Resumo Objetivo compreender a percepção de enfermeiros da atenção primária sobre as repercussões da pandemia na realização do exame citopatológico do colo-uterino. Método estudo qualitativo, descritivo, com dados analisados pela Análise de Conteúdo. Foram entrevistados 12 enfermeiros, atuantes na atenção primária de Foz do Iguaçu, PR, entre fevereiro e março de 2022. Resultados emergiram três categorias temáticas que discorreram sobre os prejuízos da pandemia para o rastreamento do câncer de colo-uterino; necessidade de reorganização do serviço, destacando a baixa adesão; e falta de estratégias para o retorno das práticas em saúde. Conclusão e implicações para a prática na pandemia houve a suspensão da coleta de preventivo e após o período crítico, o medo da contaminação pelas mulheres, falta de insumos e recursos humanos dificultaram a retomada do serviço. Torna-se relevante para a prática, desenvolver ações e estratégias que incentivem a realização do exame, para assim reduzir a morbimortalidade por essa neoplasia.

Resumen Objetivo comprender la percepción de los enfermeros de atención primaria sobre las repercusiones de la pandemia en la realización de exámen citopatológico cervical. Método estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, con datos analizados por Análisis de Contenido. Fueron entrevistadas doces enfermeras que actúan en la atención primaria en Foz do Iguaçu, PR, entre febrero y marzo de 2022. Resultados surgieron tres categorías temáticas que discutieron los daños de la pandemia para el tamizaje del cáncer de cuello uterino; necesidad de reorganizar el servicio, destacando la baja adherencia; y falta de estrategias para el retorno de las prácticas de salud. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica en la pandemia hubo una suspensión de la recolección preventiva y después del período crítico, el miedo a la contaminación por parte de las mujeres, la falta de insumos y recursos humanos dificultó la reanudación del servicio. Se vuelve relevante para la práctica desarrollar acciones y estrategias que favorezcan la realización del examen, con el fin de disminuir la morbimortalidad por esta neoplasia.

Abstract Objective to understand the perception of primary care nurses about the repercussions of the pandemic on the performance of cervical cytopathological exam. Method qualitative, descriptive study, with data analyzed by Content Analysis. Twelve nurses working in primary care in Foz do Iguaçu, PR, between February and March of 2022, were interviewed. Results three thematic categories emerged that discussed the damages of the pandemic for cervical cancer screening; need to reorganize the service, highlighting the low adherence; and lack of strategies for the return of health practices. Conclusion and implications for practice in the pandemic, there was a suspension of preventive collection and after the critical period, the fear of contamination by women, lack of inputs and human resources made it difficult to resumption of service. It's relevant for practice to develop actions and strategies that encourage the performance of the exam, in order to reduce morbidity and mortality from this neoplasm.

Prevalência e fatores associados à realização de exames pré-natais na pandemia de COVID-19: um estudo transversal / Prevalencia y factores asociados a la realización de exámenes prenatales en la pandemia de COVID-19: un estudio transversal / Prevalence and factors associated with carrying out prenatal tests in the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

Resumo Objetivo Identificar a prevalência da realização dos exames de pré-natal e seus fatores associados, durante a pandemia de COVID-19, em uma regional de saúde brasileira. Método Pesquisa transversal, descritiva, realizada em três maternidades públicas, com 408 puérperas, por meio de inquérito e consulta de prontuários e cartão da gestante. Utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado assumindo nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultados Houve baixa prevalência na realização dos exames de pré-natal, sendo 67% no primeiro trimestre, 59,2% no segundo e 48,98% no terceiro. A raça não branca e o início do pré-natal após a 14ª semana estão associados à baixa realização dos testes sorológicos/bioquímicos. Conclusão e implicações para a prática A realização dos exames do pré-natal não ocorreu de forma satisfatória durante o período pandêmico, possibilitando verificar a existência de lacunas na qualidade da assistência pré-natal. Em situações adversas, como ocorrido na pandemia de COVID-19, o enfermeiro pode utilizar de estratégias que garantam a continuidade e integralidade da assistência pré-natal, especialmente entre as populações de maior vulnerabilidade.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar la prevalencia de la realización de controles prenatales y sus factores asociados, durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en una regional de salud brasileña. Método Investigación transversal y descriptiva, realizada con 408 puérperas en las maternidades de la 9ª Regional de Salud, por medio de indagaciones y consultas en las historias clínicas y cartillas sanitarias de las embarazadas. Se utilizó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado con un nivel de significancia de p<0,05. Resultados Se registró baja prevalencia de controles prenatales: 67% en el primer trimestre, 59,2% en el segundo y 48,98% en el tercero. La raza no blanca y el inicio de la atención prenatal después de la semana 14 se asocian con una escasa realización de las pruebas serológicas/bioquímicas. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica Los controles prenatales no se realizaron satisfactoriamente durante el periodo pandémico, lo que permite comprobar la existencia de brechas en la calidad de la atención prenatal. En situaciones adversas, como ocurrió en la pandemia de COVID-19, los enfermeros pueden utilizar estrategias que garanticen la continuidad e integralidad de la atención prenatal, especialmente entre las poblaciones más vulnerables.

Abstract Objective To identify the prevalence of prenatal screening and its associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Brazilian health region. Method A cross-sectional and descriptive research study, carried out with 408 puerperal women in the maternity hospitals from the 9th Health Region, through survey and consultation of the pregnant women's medical records and cards. The Chi-square test was used, assuming a significance level of p<0.05. Results There was low prevalence of prenatal exams: 67% in the first trimester, 59.2% in the second and 48.98% in the third. Non-white race and prenatal care initiation after the 14th week are associated with low performance of serological/biochemical tests. Conclusion and implications for the practice The performance of prenatal tests was not satisfactory during the pandemic period, allowing us to verify the existence of gaps in prenatal care quality. In adverse situations, as was the case in the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses can use strategies that guarantee prenatal care continuity and comprehensiveness, especially among the most vulnerable populations.

Repercussões da pandemia da covid-19 na atenção à mulher no trabalho de parto e parto: estudo transversal / Repercussions of the covid-19 pandemic on women's care during labor and parturition: cross-sectional study / Repercusiones de la pandemia de covid-19 en la atención a las mujeres durante el trabajo de parto y el parto: estudio transversal

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o processo de trabalho dos profissionais de saúde na atenção primária no enfrentamento à Covid-19. Método: estudo qualitativo, que utilizou como base conceitual o processo de trabalho em saúde, e, como referencial metodológico, a pesquisa avaliativa. A coleta foi realizada com 23 profissionais de saúde, entre julho e setembro de 2021, nas unidades básicas de saúde em um município no noroeste do Paraná-Brasil. Para a análise organizaram-se os dados por meio do software MAXQDA, e cada segmento de dado foi organizado conforme os significados. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias, a saber: Dificuldades enfrentadas na reorganização da ambiência, atividades programáticas e dimensionamento dos profissionais da atenção primária à saúde; e Organização do fluxo de atendimento ao usuário com Covid-19 na atenção primária à saúde. Conclusão: este estudo reforça a indispensabilidade da avaliação do processo de trabalho para melhoria da assistência em saúde, principalmente em condições de emergência de saúde pública.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the health care provided to women in peripartum and parturition during the pandemic period of COVID-19. Method: analytical and cross-sectional study, conducted with 404 puerperal women from three maternity hospitals in Paraná - Brazil, between the months of September-December/2021. Data were analyzed by chi-square test (p<0.05) to verify the association. Results: care was taken to prevent COVID-19 in peripartum and parturition (physical distance 89.4%, use of mask 96.8%, respiratory etiquette 74.3%, hand hygiene 97.8%), presence of a companion (97.2%), respect for the choice of parturition route (71%) and skin-to-skin contact (70.2%). A high rate of early hospitalization (dilation between 0-3 cm), low offer of non-pharmacological methods for pain relief and low incentive to breastfeeding were observed. Conclusion: the study contributes to improve health actions about the natural physiology of parturition and to strengthen the rights in parturition, even in vulnerable pandemic periods.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la atención a la salud prestada a las mujeres en el preparto y el parto durante el periodo de pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudio analítico y transversal, realizado con 404 puérperas de tres maternidades de Paraná - Brasil, entre los meses de septiembre-diciembre/2021. Los datos fueron analizados por el test chi-cuadrado (p<0,05) para verificar la asociación. Resultados: Se mantuvieron los cuidados con la prevención del COVID-19 en el preparto y el parto (distancia física 89,4%, uso de mascarilla 96,8%, protocolo respiratorio 74,3%, higiene de manos 97,8%), presencia de un acompañante (97,2%), respeto a la elección de la vía de parto (71%) y contacto piel con piel (70,2%). Se observó una alta tasa de hospitalización precoz (dilatación entre 0-3cm), una baja oferta de métodos no farmacológicos para el alivio del dolor y un escaso fomento de la lactancia materna. Conclusión: el estudio contribuye a mejorar las actuaciones sanitarias sobre la fisiología natural del parto y a reforzar los derechos en el momento del nacimiento, incluso en periodos vulnerables de pandemia.

Promoção e apoio ao aleitamento materno direcionados às puérperas na Rede Mãe Paranaense / Promotion and support of breastfeeding directed to mothers in the Rede Mãe Paranaense

Identificar as práticas de promoção e apoio ao aleitamento materno em maternidades de três Regionais de Saúde do Paraná, Brasil. Pesquisa transversal, com 1.270 puérperas, entre 2017 e 2018, utilizando um instrumento que contemplou o pré-natal, parto e pós-parto. Foi realizado o teste qui quadrado no programa XLSTAT Versão 2017. No pré-natal, 27,1% das gestantes receberam orientações sobre aleitamento, e 44,5% se prepararam para amamentação. O contato pele a pele ocorreu em 45,1%, com tempo de contato menor que 15 minutos (65,2%) e amamentação na primeira meia hora de vida em 61,8%. No alojamento conjunto, 88,6% receberam apoio e orientações, e 93,9% praticaram a livre demanda. Não houve orientações para persistir com a lactação (47,3%), ocorreu o uso de xícaras ou copos para oferta de leite materno em 38,1%, e 47,1% realizaram doação de leite materno. Foram identificados fatores que promovem o aleitamento materno, mas não de forma integral.

To identify the practices of promoting and supporting breastfeeding in maternity hospitals of three health regions of Paraná, Brazil. Cross-sectional study, with 1,270 puerperal women, between 2017 and 2018, using an instrument that included prenatal, delivery and postpartum care. The Chi-Square test was performed in the program XLSTAT, Version 2017. In prenatal care, 27.1% of pregnant women received guidance on breastfeeding and 44.5% prepared for breastfeeding. Skin-to-skin contact occurred in 45.1%, with contact time less than 15 minutes (65.2%) and breastfeeding in the first half hour of life in 61.8%. In the joint housing, 88.6% received support and guidance and 93.9% practiced free demand. There were no guidelines to persist with lactation (47.3%), there was the use of cups or cups to offer breast milk (38.1%), and 47.1% donated breast milk. Factors that promote breastfeeding were identified, but not in an integral way.

Laparoscopic Treatment of Benign Adnexal Masses During Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Treatment Basics, Efficacy and Surgical Techniques.

This review summarizes the evidence-based recommendations for how to approach and laparoscopically treat adnexal masses during pregnancy. We conducted a comprehensive review of studies related to the laparoscopic management of adnexal masses during pregnancy. Selected studies were independently reviewed by two authors. The overall incidence of ovarian tumors in pregnancy ranges between 0.05% and 5.7%, of which less than 5% are malignant. Diagnosis is based mainly on routine transvaginal ultrasound. More than 64% of simple cysts, less than 6 cm in diameter, will spontaneously resolve in less than 16 weeks. However, for persistent and complex tumors, the risk of acute complications can reach up to 9%. Surgical indications are similar to those in the non-gravidic setting, and include acute complications (torsion, rupture, hemorrhage), suspected malignancy and large (over 6 cm) persistent masses. Surgery must be scheduled between 16 and 20 weeks to allow for the spontaneous resolution of functional cysts. Furthermore, within that period, pregnancy becomes independent of the corpus luteum and enlargement of the uterus gives sufficient exposure for the surgery to be performed safely. A recent meta-analysis found that, compared to open surgery, laparoscopy is associated with significantly less preterm labor, blood loss and hospital stay, without differences in pregnancy loss or preterm birth rate. Since the main concerns about maternal-fetal safety are related to increased intraperitoneal pressure and the effects of hypercarbia (maternal hypertensive complications, fetal acidosis), a lower CO2 pressure (10 to 12 mmHg) and reduced operative times (less than 30 minutes) are recommended.

Morbidade hospitalar de crianças menores de cinco anos em um município brasileiro de fronteira / Morbilidad hospitalaria de niños menores de cinco años en un municipio de fronteira brasileño / Hospital morbidity of children under five years old in a brazilian border municipality

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever as causas de hospitalização de crianças menores de cinco anos e os fatores associados às internações evitáveis em município brasileiro de tríplice fronteira. Método: estudo transversal, de morbidade hospitalar, com coleta de dados em prontuários, no hospital público de referência para atendimento pediátrico em município de tríplice fronteira entre Brasil, Paraguai e Argentina, no período de maio de 2017 a abril de 2018. As hospitalizações foram classificadas em evitáveis e não evitáveis. As variáveis independentes foram: diagnóstico médico; sexo; idade; período de internação; desfecho e país de residência. Foram estimadas as razões de prevalência bruta e ajustada pelo modelo de regressão log-binomial para verificar a associação entre a variável dependente, internações evitáveis e as variáveis independentes. Resultados: ocorreram 758 hospitalizações, sendo 45,1% consideradas evitáveis. As principais causas de internação foram as doenças do aparelho respiratório (42,8%), o grupo de causas indefinidas (13,8%) e as doenças infecciosas e parasitárias (10%). As hospitalizações evitáveis estiveram associadas à faixa etária menor de um ano, mais tempo de internação e com o desfecho "alta para casa". Conclusão: as internações evitáveis foram responsáveis por quase metade das hospitalizações, em sua maioria por doenças do aparelho respiratório, sendo associadas a menores de um ano, mais tempo de hospitalização e melhor desfecho. Esses achados sugerem a necessidade de fortalecer as ações da atenção primária à saúde por meio de adequado investimento financeiro para reduzir as hospitalizações desnecessárias.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir las causas de hospitalización de niños menores de cinco años y los factores asociados a hospitalizaciones evitables en una ciudad brasileña de la triple frontera. Método: estudio transversal de morbilidad hospitalaria, con recolección de datos de historias clínicas, en un hospital público de referencia para la atención pediátrica en una ciudad de la triple frontera entre Brasil, Paraguay y Argentina, de mayo de 2017 a abril de 2018. Las hospitalizaciones fueron clasificadas en evitable y no evitable. Las variables independientes fueron: diagnóstico médico; sexo; edad; período de hospitalización; resultado y país de residencia. Las razones de prevalencia brutas y ajustadas se estimaron mediante el modelo de regresión log-binomial para verificar la asociación entre la variable dependiente, las hospitalizaciones evitables y las variables independientes. Resultados: hubo 758 hospitalizaciones, de las cuales el 45,1% se consideraron evitables. Las principales causas de hospitalización fueron las enfermedades del aparato respiratorio (42,8%), el grupo de causas indefinidas (13,8%) y las enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias (10%). Las hospitalizaciones evitables se asociaron con tener menos de un año, estar más tiempo hospitalizado y con el resultado "alta domiciliaria". Conclusión: las hospitalizaciones evitables representaron casi la mitad de las hospitalizaciones, en su mayoría por enfermedades respiratorias, estando asociadas a menores de un año, mayor estancia hospitalaria y mejor evolución. Estos hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de fortalecer las acciones de atención primaria de salud a través de una adecuada inversión financiera para reducir las hospitalizaciones innecesarias.

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the causes of hospitalization of children under five years old and the factors associated with avoidable hospitalizations in a Brazilian municipality of the triple border. Method: a cross-sectional study of hospital morbidity, with data collection in medical records, conducted at the public hospital of reference for pediatric care in a municipality of the triple border between Brazil, Paraguai and Argentina, from May 2017 to April 2018. The hospitalizations were classified as avoidable and non-avoidable. The independent variables were as follows: medical diagnosis; gender; age; hospitalization period; outcome and country of residence. The ratios of non-adjusted prevalence and adjusted by the log-binomial regression model were estimated to verify the association between the dependent variable, avoidable hospitalizations, and the independent variables. Results: there were 758 hospitalizations, 45.1% of which were considered avoidable. The main causes of hospitalization were diseases of the respiratory system (42.8%), the group of undefined causes (13.8%) and infectious and parasitic diseases (10%). The avoidable hospitalizations were associated with the age group of less than one year old, with longer hospitalization time and with the "discharge to home" outcome. Conclusion: the avoidable hospitalizations were responsible for almost half of the hospitalizations, mostly due to respiratory diseases, being associated with less than one year old, longer hospitalization time and better outcome. These findings suggest the need to strengthen the Primary Health Care actions through adequate financial investment to reduce unnecessary hospitalizations.

Temporal analysis of the birth and hospitalization of premature children in a Brazilian border town / Análise temporal do nascimento e hospitalização de crianças prematuras em município brasileiro de fronteira

INTRODUCTION: Premature birth is a global public health problem responsible for high rates of infant deaths. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the temporal trend of birth and hospitalization of premature children in a Brazilian border town. METHODS: Crosssectional study encompassing 951 medical records of premature newborns hospitalized receiving intermediate or intensive during 2013-2017 in Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil. The comparisons involved birth and hospitalization variables distributed over the years, and the level of significance was p<0.05. RESULTS: The incidence of premature birth was 10.3% and remained stable in the years studied, however, hospitalization increased from 37.7 to 50.1%. Extreme prematurity (12.2 to 9.5%) and complications (46.0 to 21.6%) showed a reduction, and the use of antibiotics increased (50.0 to 75.2%), with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). The time of mechanical ventilation (347.2 to 123.9 h) and length of hospital stay (29 to 24.6 days) decreased in the years studied, with no difference in outcome (hospital discharge or death). The most frequent diagnosis at hospitalization was pulmonary disorders. Problems of infectious origin showed a reduction (7.6% to 3.7%), but in 2014 there was an increase in congenital malformations (11.1%) and 2016 perinatal asphyxia (33.7%). CONCLUSION: Although there was a reduction in extreme prematurity, complications, and days of hospitalization, there was an increase in the number of premature newborns hospitalized, showing the need for (re)planning and (re)organization of the care process.

INTRODUÇÃO: O nascimento prematuro é considerado um problema de saúde pública global, por ser responsável por altos índices de mortes infantis. Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal de nascimento e da hospitalização de crianças prematuras em município brasileiro de fronteira. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, com coleta retrospectiva de dados que analisou 951 prontuários de recém-nascidos prematuros, hospitalizados em cuidados intensivos e ou intermediário, no período de 2013 a 2017, em Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brasil. As comparações realizadas no estudo envolveram variáveis de nascimento e da hospitalização distribuídas por anos, e o nível de significância foi p<0,05. RESULTADOS: A incidência do nascimento prematuro foi de 10,3% e manteve-se estável nos anos estudados, no entanto, a hospitalização mostrou crescimento (37,7%-50,1%). Prematuridade extrema (12,2%-9,5%) e complicações (45,9%­21,6%) apresentaram redução, e o uso de antibióticos (50,0%-75,2%) aumentou, com resultados estatisticamente significantes (p<0,05). O tempo de ventilação mecânica invasiva (347,2­123,9 horas) e tempo de internação (29,0-24,6 dias) diminuíram nos anos estudados, sem diferenças no desfecho alta ou óbito. O diagnóstico na internação de maior ocorrência foi as afecções pulmonares. Problemas de origem infecciosa mostraram redução (7,6%­3,7%), por outro lado, em 2014 houve aumento de malformações congênitas (11,1%) e em 2016 de asfixia perinatal (33,7%). CONCLUSÃO: Embora tenha ocorrido a redução da prematuridade extrema, de complicações e dias de hospitalização, observou-se o aumento do número de recém­nascidos prematuros hospitalizados, mostrando a necessidade do (re)planejamento e da (re)organização do processo assistencial.

Prática da episiotomia: fatores maternos e neonatais relacionados / Practice of episiotomy: maternal and neonatal related factors

Objetivo: analisar a incidência da episiotomia e os fatores maternos e neonatais relacionados. Método: estudo transversal, retrospectivo, que analisou 11.809 prontuários de mulheres que evoluíram ao parto vaginal. Realizou-se o teste qui-quadrado para identificar os fatores relacionados (p<0,05). Resultados: a incidência da episiotomia foi 59,4%. Entre as mulheres que não sofreram episiotomia, 27,0% permaneceram com períneo íntegro e 13,5% tiveram laceração espontânea. Fatores maternos relacionados foram idade inferior a 19 anos, acompanhamento pré-natal adequado, primiparidade, dinâmica uterina presente, dilatação cervical entre 1 e 3cm, bolsa amniótica rota e trabalho de parto prolongado. Os fatores neonatais foram bebês a termo, peso ao nascer ≥2500g, Apgar ≥ 7, apresentação cefálica, intercorrências com o bebê e encaminhamento ao alojamento conjunto. Conclusão: a prática da episiotomia foi elevada, a qual deve ser desencorajada, com respeito a fisiologia do nascimento e a individualidade das mulheres, para o fortalecimento dos cuidados maternos.

Objective: to analyze the incidence of episiotomy and maternal and neonatal related factors. Method: cross-sectional, retrospective study in which 11,809 medical records of women who underwent vaginal delivery were analyzed. The chi-square test was performed to identify related factors (p<0.05). Results: the incidence of episiotomy was 59.4%. Among women who did not undergo episiotomy, 27.0% had intact perineum and 13.5% had spontaneous laceration. Maternal related factors were age less than 19 years, appropriate antenatal care, primiparity, presence of uterine dynamics, cervical dilation between 1 and 3 cm, ruptured amniotic sac, and prolonged labor. Neonatal factors were full-term babies, birth weight ≥2,500g, Apgar ≥7, cephalic presentation, complications with the baby and referral to rooming-in. Conclusion: the practice of episiotomy was high and should be discouraged. Respect for the physiology of birth and the individuality of women is necessary to strengthen maternal care.

Characterization of technical skill progress in a standardized rabbit model for training in laparoscopic duodenal atresia repair.

BACKGROUND: Laboratory skills training is an essential step before conducting minimally invasive surgery in clinical practice. Our main aim was to develop an animal model for training in clinically highly challenging laparoscopic duodenal atresia repair that could be useful in establishing a minimum number of repetitions to indicate safe performance of similar interventions on humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A rabbit model of laparoscopic duodenum atresia surgery involving a diamond-shaped duodeno-duodenostomy was designed. This approach was tested in two groups of surgeons: in a beginner group without any previous clinical laparoscopic experience (but having undergone previous standardized dry-lab training, n = 8) and in an advanced group comprising pediatric surgery fellows with previous clinical experience of laparoscopy (n = 7). Each participant performed eight interventions. Surgical time, expert assessment using the Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS) score, anastomosis quality (leakage) and results from participant feedback questionnaires were analyzed. RESULTS: Participants in both groups successfully completed all eight surgeries. The surgical time gradually improved in both groups, but it was typically shorter in the advanced group than in the beginner group. The leakage rate was significantly lower in the advanced group in the first two interventions, and it reached its optimal level after five operations in both groups. The GOALS and participant feedback scores showed gradual increases, evident even after the fifth surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm the feasibility of this advanced pediatric laparoscopic model. Surgical time, anastomosis quality, GOALS score and self-assessment parameters adequately quantify technical improvement among the participants. Anastomosis quality reaches its optimal value after the fifth operation even in novice, but uniformly trained surgeons. A minimum number of wet-lab operations can be determined before surgery can be safely conducted in a clinical setting, where the development of further non-technical skills is also required.

Psychological Morbidity in Endometriosis: A Couple's Study.

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease that impacts more than 176 million women worldwide, having a strong impact on psychological morbidity. This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of psychological morbidity, in women with endometriosis, taking into consideration the duration of the couple's relationship and the duration of the disease and also examined whether women's sexual satisfaction had an impact on their psychological morbidity (actor effect) and on their sexual partners' psychological morbidity (partner effect) and vice versa. Participants were 105 women and their partners, who answered the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI-4) and the Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction (GMSEX). The results revealed a direct effect between the perception of symptom severity, marital satisfaction, and women's psychological morbidity. Sexual activity and the presence of infertility had an indirect effect on the relationship between sexual satisfaction, diagnosis duration, and psychological morbidity, respectively. Finally, women's sexual satisfaction had a direct effect on their own and their partner's marital satisfaction that predicted less psychological morbidity, in both. Thus, a multidisciplinary intervention focused on the couple's sexual and marital relationship is needed to promote psychological well-being in this population.

Nota Técnica n. 54 (Diest): Violência contra pessoas com deficiência: o que dizem os dados da saúde pública? / Technical Note no. 54 (Diest): Violence against people with disabilities: what do the public health data say?

Esta nota técnica tem como objetivo geral fornecer subsídios para a elaboração de políticas públicas para pessoas com deficiência (PcDs), e como objetivo específico produzir um extrato de informações para compor uma seção do Atlas da violência, a partir da edição de 2021. Assim, a nota aborda, principalmente, as estatísticas disponíveis sobre violência contra PcDs no Brasil, incluindo-se as violências autoprovocadas, estatísticas estas fornecidas pelo programa de Vigilância em Violência e Acidentes do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação (Viva/Sinan). Não obstante, também são abordadas as estatísticas sobre PcDs produzidas pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatísticas (IBGE), por meio do Censo Demográfico e da Pesquisa Nacional da Saúde (PNS). Para a elaboração desta nota técnica, contou-se com a colaboração de especialistas sobre o tema da deficiência, gestores da área de saúde pública e gestores do Viva/Sinan, os quais participaram de uma oficina de trabalho da Diest/Ipea, onde foram apresentados os resultados preliminares da pesquisa para a elaboração desta nota, em março de 2021.1 As críticas e sugestões apresentadas na oficina de trabalho orientaram a revisão desta nota técnica e, em alguma medida, foram incorporadas na presente versão deste trabalho. Este texto está organizado da maneira a seguir explicitada. Na seção 2, apresenta-se os conceitos médico e biopsicossocial sobre a deficiência, relacionados à produção de estatísticas sobre o tema no Brasil. Na seção 3, aborda-se os conceitos utilizados na base de dados do Viva/Sinan sobre as notificações de violência contra PcDs, e apresenta-se um indicador de violência contra pessoas com deficiência, utilizando as estatísticas disponíveis. Na seção 4, apresenta-se os resultados de uma análise exploratória dos dados do Viva/Sinan para violência contra PcDs para o ano de 2018 e, finalmente, na seção 5, faz-se algumas considerações finais. Nos anexos desta nota, reuniu-se as principais definições das bases de dados utilizadas neste trabalho para identificar as PcDs no Brasil.

Challenges and Controversies in the Surgical Treatment of Cervical Cancer: Open Radical Hysterectomy versus Minimally Invasive Radical Hysterectomy.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to perform a systematic assessment of disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival, and morbidity rates after open radical hysterectomy (ORH) and minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for early-stage cervical cancer and discuss with experts the consequences of the LACC trial (published by Ramirez et al. in 2018) on clinical routine. METHODS: A total of 5428 records were retrieved. After exclusion based on text screening, four records were identified for inclusion. Five experts from three independent large-volume medical centers in Europe were interviewed for their interpretation of the LACC trial. RESULTS: The LACC trial showed a significantly higher risk of disease progression with MIS compared to ORH (HR 3.74, 95% CI 1.63 to 8.58). This was not seen in one epidemiological study and was contradicted by one prospective cohort study reported by Greggi et al. A systematic review by Zhang et al. mentioned a similar DFS for robot-assisted radical hysterectomy (RRH) and LRH. Recurrence rates were significantly higher with MIS compared to ORH in the LACC trial (HR 4.26, 95% CI 1.44 to 12.60). In contrast, four studies presented by Greggi reported no significant difference in recurrence rates between LRH/RRH and ORH, which concurred with the systematic reviews of Zhang and Zhao. The experts mentioned various limitations of the LACC trial and stated that clinicians were obliged to provide patients with detailed information and ensure a shared decision-making process. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical treatment of early-stage cervical cancer remains a debated issue. More randomized controlled trials (RCT) will be needed to establish the most suitable treatment for this condition.